{
 "name": "The Programmable Money Tracker",
 "publisher": "Major Matters",
 "url": "https://www.majormatters.co/trackers/programmable-money",
 "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
 "updated": "2026-09-12",
 "description": "Every stablecoin, tokenized deposit, and CBDC worth watching, with its issuer, backing, and status, dated and sourced.",
 "cite_as": "Major Matters, The Programmable Money Tracker, https://www.majormatters.co/trackers/programmable-money (retrieved YYYY-MM-DD).",
 "entry_count": 16,
 "entries": [
  {
   "name": "Bank consortium USD stablecoin",
   "owner": "Consortium of 21 financial institutions (incl. Bank of America, Citi, Goldman Sachs, Wells Fargo, Deutsche Bank, UBS, MUFG, Fidelity)",
   "category": "stablecoin",
   "status": "announced",
   "date": "2026-09-01",
   "description": "Twenty-one international financial institutions announced plans to form a new company in H2 2026 to issue a USD-denominated stablecoin, with market launch targeted for H1 2027 and later expansion into EUR and other G7 currencies.",
   "sourceUrl": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/group-of-leading-international-financial-institutions-to-establish-stablecoin-enterprise-302866318.html"
  },
  {
   "name": "Digital pound",
   "owner": "Bank of England / HM Treasury",
   "category": "cbdc",
   "status": "in-development",
   "date": "2026-03-01",
   "description": "A prospective UK retail central bank digital currency in its design phase through 2026, with the Bank of England and HM Treasury due to publish a blueprint, assessment and decision on next steps; no decision to issue has been made.",
   "sourceUrl": "https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/the-digital-pound"
  },
  {
   "name": "JPM Coin (JPMD)",
   "owner": "Kinexys by J.P. Morgan (JPMorgan)",
   "category": "tokenized-deposit",
   "status": "live",
   "date": "2025-11-12",
   "description": "A US dollar deposit token representing a claim on J.P. Morgan bank deposits, available to institutional clients for near-instant 24/7 onchain settlement on the Base blockchain, with a phased integration onto the Canton Network underway.",
   "sourceUrl": "https://www.jpmorgan.com/payments/newsroom/jpm-coin-usd-deposit-token-institutional-clients"
  },
  {
   "name": "Digital euro",
   "owner": "European Central Bank / Eurosystem",
   "category": "cbdc",
   "status": "in-development",
   "date": "2025-10-29",
   "description": "A prospective retail central bank digital currency for the euro area; the ECB Governing Council moved the project to its next phase in October 2025 to build technical capacity ahead of a possible first issuance around 2029, pending EU legislation.",
   "sourceUrl": "https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/pr/date/2025/html/ecb.pr251030~8c5b5beef0.en.html"
  },
  {
   "name": "Qivalis (euro stablecoin)",
   "owner": "European banking consortium (incl. CaixaBank and eight other banks)",
   "category": "stablecoin",
   "status": "in-development",
   "date": "2025-09-25",
   "description": "An Amsterdam-domiciled joint venture of nine European banks working toward Dutch Central Bank authorization as an electronic money institution to issue a MiCAR-compliant euro stablecoin, targeted for the second half of 2026.",
   "sourceUrl": "https://www.caixabank.com/en/headlines/news/qivalis-joint-venture-of-a-european-banking-consortium-to-launch-euro-stablecoin-in-the-second-half-of-2026"
  },
  {
   "name": "FRNT (Frontier Stable Token)",
   "owner": "Wyoming Stable Token Commission",
   "category": "stablecoin",
   "status": "live",
   "date": "2025-08-19",
   "description": "The first US state-issued stablecoin, backed by US dollars and short-term Treasuries at a legally mandated 102 percent reserve ratio and live across seven blockchains, issued under the Wyoming Stable Token Act.",
   "sourceUrl": "https://www.coindesk.com/business/2025/08/19/wyoming-state-debuts-u-s-dollar-stablecoin-on-seven-blockchains"
  },
  {
   "name": "GENIUS Act",
   "owner": "US federal government (Public Law 119-27)",
   "category": "regulation",
   "status": "enacted",
   "date": "2025-07-18",
   "description": "The US federal framework for payment stablecoins, signed into law on 18 July 2025, which restricts payment-stablecoin issuance to permitted issuers under federal or state licensing and takes effect by 18 January 2027.",
   "sourceUrl": "https://www.congress.gov/crs-product/IN12553"
  },
  {
   "name": "USDB",
   "owner": "Bridge (a Stripe company)",
   "category": "stablecoin",
   "status": "live",
   "date": "2025-05-07",
   "description": "A US dollar stablecoin issued by Stripe-owned Bridge, backed 1:1 by cash and short-duration money market funds, launched alongside stablecoin financial accounts and Bridge's Open Issuance platform for third-party stablecoins.",
   "sourceUrl": "https://fortune.com/crypto/2025/10/01/stripe-crypto-stablecoins-open-issuance-bridge-blockchain-tempo/"
  },
  {
   "name": "RLUSD",
   "owner": "Ripple",
   "category": "stablecoin",
   "status": "live",
   "date": "2024-12-17",
   "description": "A US dollar stablecoin issued under a NYDFS limited-purpose trust charter, fully backed by dollar deposits, government bonds and cash equivalents with monthly independent attestations.",
   "sourceUrl": "https://ripple.com/products/stablecoin/"
  },
  {
   "name": "USDG (Global Dollar)",
   "owner": "Paxos (Global Dollar Network consortium)",
   "category": "stablecoin",
   "status": "live",
   "date": "2024-11-01",
   "description": "A US dollar stablecoin issued by Paxos as the core asset of the Global Dollar Network, an alliance whose members include Robinhood, Kraken, Anchorage, Nuvei, Bullish and Galaxy.",
   "sourceUrl": "https://www.paxos.com/blog/usdg-and-global-dollar-network-reshaping-the-future-of-stablecoins"
  },
  {
   "name": "Citi Token Services",
   "owner": "Citigroup",
   "category": "tokenized-deposit",
   "status": "live",
   "date": "2023-09-18",
   "description": "A tokenized-deposit service on a private permissioned blockchain enabling near real-time cross-border USD payments for institutional clients, with Siam Commercial Bank becoming the first external bank to go live on it in July 2026.",
   "sourceUrl": "https://services.citi.com/solutions/citi-token-services"
  },
  {
   "name": "PYUSD",
   "owner": "PayPal (issued by Paxos Trust Company)",
   "category": "stablecoin",
   "status": "live",
   "date": "2023-08-07",
   "description": "PayPal's US dollar stablecoin issued by Paxos under NYDFS oversight, backed 1:1 by dollar deposits, short-term US Treasuries and cash equivalents, and available across Ethereum, Solana, Arbitrum, Stellar and other chains.",
   "sourceUrl": "https://newsroom.paypal-corp.com/2023-08-07-PayPal-Launches-U-S-Dollar-Stablecoin"
  },
  {
   "name": "FDUSD",
   "owner": "First Digital (FD121 Limited)",
   "category": "stablecoin",
   "status": "live",
   "date": "2023-06-01",
   "description": "A US dollar stablecoin issued by First Digital's FD121 subsidiary and backed by short-dated US Treasury bills, reverse repos and bank cash held in Hong Kong, Switzerland and Australia, with monthly ISAE 3000 assurance reports.",
   "sourceUrl": "https://coinmarketcap.com/cmc-ai/first-digital-usd/what-is/"
  },
  {
   "name": "USDC",
   "owner": "Circle",
   "category": "stablecoin",
   "status": "live",
   "date": "2018-09-26",
   "description": "A US dollar stablecoin backed by cash and short-dated US Treasuries held in reserve, natively issued across 35+ blockchains with monthly attestations by an independent accounting firm.",
   "sourceUrl": "https://www.circle.com/usdc"
  },
  {
   "name": "USDP (Pax Dollar)",
   "owner": "Paxos",
   "category": "stablecoin",
   "status": "live",
   "date": "2018-09-10",
   "description": "One of the earliest NYDFS-regulated US dollar stablecoins, backed 1:1 by cash and US Treasuries with monthly attestations, launched as Paxos Standard and rebranded to Pax Dollar in 2021.",
   "sourceUrl": "https://www.paxos.com/newsroom/paxos-regulated-stablecoin-platform-reaches-five-year-milestone-has-issued-120b-in-stablecoins"
  },
  {
   "name": "USDT",
   "owner": "Tether",
   "category": "stablecoin",
   "status": "live",
   "date": "2014-10-06",
   "description": "The largest US dollar stablecoin by circulation, backed predominantly by US Treasury bills plus smaller allocations to cash, secured loans, Bitcoin and gold, with quarterly BDO attestations and circulation concentrated on Ethereum and Tron.",
   "sourceUrl": "https://tether.to/en/transparency/"
  }
 ]
}